Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

How Does Postpartum Depression Feel?

• Sadness or tearfulness
• Irritability or anger
• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
• Sleep disturbances

The causes of postpartum depression are not fully understood. Still, it is believed to be related to hormonal changes and psychological and environmental factors. Some women may be at a higher risk for postpartum depression, such as those with a history of depression or any other mental health disorders, a difficult pregnancy or childbirth, or a lack of social support.

Postpartum depression in women is a treatable condition, and women should seek professional help as early as possible. Treatment options may include therapy, medication, or a combination of both. Therapy may involve cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, or other forms of psychotherapy. A healthcare provider may prescribe medications such as antidepressants.

In addition to professional treatment, self-care can be an important part of managing postpartum depression. This may include getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and seeking support from friends and family.

There are several different postpartum depression types, each with unique features and characteristics. Here are some of the prime types of postpartum depression:

• Major depressive disorder with peripartum onset: This is the most common type of postpartum depression, characterized by sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness. Women with this type of postpartum depression may also experience changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and loss of any interest in previously enjoyable activities.
• Postpartum anxiety: It is a type of postpartum depression characterized by excessive worry, fear, and anxiety. Women with this condition may experience intrusive thoughts or images about their baby’s safety or well-being and have trouble sleeping or concentrating.
• Postpartum psychosis: It is a rare but serious type of postpartum depression that requires immediate medical attention. Women with this condition may experience delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking. They may also exhibit bizarre or dangerous behavior and may be at risk of harming themselves or their baby.
• Adjustment disorder with depressed mood: It is also characterized by feelings of sadness and hopelessness that occur in response to a stressful life event, such as the birth of a baby. Women with this condition may also experience anxiety, irritability, and difficulty sleeping.
• Bipolar disorder with peripartum onset: Women with bipolar disorder may experience a manic or hypomanic episode during pregnancy or in the weeks following childbirth. This can lead to feelings of joy or grandiosity, impulsivity, and poor judgment. In some cases, women with bipolar disorder may experience a depressive episode following the manic or hypomanic episode.

If you are experiencing symptoms, it is very important to seek immediate professional help from a healthcare provider. Postpartum depression is a treatable condition, and early intervention can help reduce symptoms’ severity and duration. With the right treatment and support, women with postpartum depression can fully recover and enjoy a healthy and fulfilling life with their babies.

It is a complex condition with multiple causes and risk factors. Here are some of the prime causes and risk factors for postpartum depression:

• Hormonal changes: A woman’s hormone levels change rapidly after giving birth. These changes can disrupt the chemical balance in the brain and contribute to symptoms of postpartum depression.
• Biological factors: Some women may be genetically predisposed to developing postpartum depression. Women with any personal or family history of depression or other mental health disorders may be at a higher risk.
• Psychological factors: Stressful life events, such as a difficult pregnancy, childbirth, or the arrival of a new baby, can trigger symptoms of postpartum depression. Women with a history of trauma or abuse may also be at a higher risk.
• Lack of support: Social support is an important protective factor against postpartum depression. Women who lack support from their partners, family, or friends may be more vulnerable to developing postpartum depression.
• Sleep deprivation: New mothers often experience sleep disturbances due to the demands of caring for a newborn. Sleep deprivation can contribute to feelings of fatigue, irritability, and depression.
• Medical complications: Women who experience medical difficulties during pregnancy or childbirth, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, or a difficult delivery, may be at a higher risk for postpartum depression.
• Previous history of depression: Women who have previously experienced depression or other mental health disorders may be more likely to develop postpartum depression.

It is also possible for postpartum depression to occur without any clear cause of postpartum depression. If you are experiencing the symptoms, it is very important to seek professional help from a healthcare provider.

• Screening: Healthcare providers may use a screening tool to assess a woman’s risk for postpartum depression. The most commonly used screening tool is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, which consists of only ten questions about a woman’s thoughts and feelings over the past seven days.
• Physical exam: A healthcare provider may perform a physical exam to rule out any medical conditions contributing to a woman’s symptoms.
• Psychiatric evaluation: A mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, may evaluate a woman’s mental health to determine if she has postpartum depression. The evaluation may include questions about a woman’s symptoms, medical history, and family history of mental health disorders.
• Diagnostic criteria: To be diagnosed with postpartum depression, a woman must meet the diagnostic criteria outlined DSM-5. The requirements include experiencing symptoms of depression for at least two weeks following childbirth.

There are several treatment options available for postpartum depression. Here are some of the prime approaches:

• Medications: Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are often used to treat postpartum depression. These medications work by increasing the serotonin levels in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. It is very important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any medication, as some medicines may not be safe for breastfeeding mothers.
• Therapy: Therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective in treating postpartum depression. CBT focuses on identifying any and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors contributing to depression. Other types of therapy, such as interpersonal therapy and psychodynamic therapy, may also be helpful.
• Natural remedies: Some natural remedies, such as omega-3 fatty acids, and acupuncture, may effectively treat postpartum depression. However, it is very important to consult a healthcare provider before using natural remedies, as they may interact with medications or have other potential side effects.
• Self-care: Practicing self-care can be an important part of managing postpartum depression. This may include getting enough rest, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress. Other self-care strategies, such as relaxation techniques, spending time with supportive friends and family, and engaging in enjoyable activities, can also be helpful.

It is important to note that every woman’s experience with postpartum depression is unique, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach to treatment. A healthcare provider can help to develop a personalized treatment plan based on a woman’s specific needs and preferences.

There are multiple steps that women can take to prevent or reduce the risk of postpartum depression. Here are some self-care strategies that may help:

• Build a support network: Surround yourself with supportive friends and family who can offer emotional support and practical help with tasks like cooking, cleaning, and childcare.
• Get plenty of rest: Sleep deprivation can contribute to feelings of depression and anxiety. Try to get rest and nap whenever you can.
• Eat a healthy diet: Eating a balanced and nutritious diet can help to support your physical and emotional health. Ensure you include plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains.
• Exercise regularly: Exercise has been shown to improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression. Try to engage in regular physical activity, even if it’s just a short walk around the block.
• Practice stress-reducing activities: Stress can worsen symptoms of depression. Engage in stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.
• Take time for yourself: It’s important to prioritize self-care and take time for yourself, even if it’s just a few minutes each day. Try to do something you enjoy, such as reading a book, relaxing, or listening to music.
• Seek professional help: If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it’s important to seek professional help from a healthcare provider. Early intervention can help to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

Taking steps to care for yourself and seeking help can reduce the risk of developing postpartum depression and help you enjoy a healthy and fulfilling life with your baby.

Ongo care can help support women who are experiencing postpartum depression. Here are some of the ways that Ongo Care can provide care and support for women with postpartum depression:

• Regular check-ins: Ongo Care can schedule regular check-ins with women experiencing postpartum depression to monitor their symptoms and provide support and guidance.
• Therapy: Therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective in treating postpartum depression. Ongo Care can refer women to therapists who specialize in treating postpartum depression.
• Medication management: Ongo Care can work with women to manage their medications, including adjusting dosages and monitoring side effects.
• Support groups: Support groups can provide a safe and supportive environment for women to share their experiences and connect with others who are going through similar challenges. Ongo Care can help to connect women with local support groups.
• Online resources: There are a variety of online resources available for women with postpartum depression, including websites, forums, and social media groups. Ongo Care can provide information and resources to women seeking help online.
• Partner and family support: Partners and family members can play an important role in supporting women with postpartum depression. Ongo Care can provide education and resources for partners and family members on how to support a loved one with postpartum depression.

Frequently Asked Questions